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Sounds of Western North Atlantic Fishes - Data Rescue. Rodney A. Rountree*1, Paul J. Perkins2, Robert D. Kenney3 and Kenneth R. Hinga4. (1) Department of Natural Resource Conservation, UMASS-Amherst, 48 Oregon Rd., Mashpee, MA 02649, USA. rrountree@capecod.net. (2) Retired. RI196@aol.com. (3) Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Box 41, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. rkenney@gso.uri.edu. (4) Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Bay Campus, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA. khinga@gsosun1.gso.uri.edu.

There is increasing interest in the potential of passive acoustics as a tool to study temporal and spatial distribution patterns, habitat use, and spawning, feeding, and predator avoidance behaviors of fishes. However, one of the primary limitations to more widespread use of passive acoustics in studies of fish ecology is the lack of well documented, and readily available, sound references. This has led to our efforts to recover and make available a digital copy of tapes of fish sounds that originally accompanied the landmark book "Sounds of Western North Atlantic Fishes" by Marie Fish and William Mowbray. They examined over 220 species from 59 families, and found biological sounds from 153 species from 36 families. The creation and distribution of a CD of fish sounds is the first step in a larger effort to rescue over 3 decades of sounds recorded at the Narragansett Marine Laboratory (Now the Graduate School of Oceanography at the University of Rhode Island), as well as other historical data, and establish a National Archive of Fish Sounds at Cornell University. In this presentation we provide audio samples of fish sounds from the CD and present a summary of ongoing efforts to create the National Archive.

Objectives

1. Recover, digitize, and provide for distribution, Fish and Mowbray's reference collection of fish sounds that accompanied their landmark book "Sounds of Northwest Atlantic Fishes: A reference file of underwater sounds" (1970).

2. To summarize data contained within the reference file.

3. To initiate a collaborative effort to expand and up-date Fish and Mowbray's "Reference file of underwater sounds" and provide worldwide access to the data via the Internet.

4. To examine historic data and audio tape recordings stored at URI facilities to summarize the amount, type and condition of fish and other underwater sound materials that still survive.

5. To initiate a collaborative effort to "rescue" this archive by converting existing tapes and reports into digital format and providing access to the data via the Internet.

Rationale

We are working on an inventory of fish and other underwater sounds data housed at URI sufficient to support future proposals for major funding to "rescue" the data by converting tapes into digital form for storage on computers at the Library of Natural Sounds at Cornell University. The resulting data set will serve as the backbone of a new National Archive of Fish Sounds, to become part of a larger archive of marine sounds. These archives will be available free of charge to all interested persons via the World-Wide-Web. More immediately, the demonstration CD-ROM will provide critical information for rapid distribution to scientists around the country and world to aid in the identification of fish sounds. Currently, only a few sounds from a handful of species are easily available to the public in the form of digital sound files. We feel that this is a significant hindrance to the widespread study of the soniferous activities of fishes, and is a major obstacle to the development of programs that seek to use fish sounds as a tool to map essential fish habitats of soniferous species. We further feel, that the completion of this proposed work will stimulate ongoing discussion on the importance and need of a National Archive of Fish Sounds and catalyze efforts to rescue, not only the NML data, but other archives located around the country.

Summary

Fish and Mowbray (1970) compiled data on 218 species of fishes from 59 families between 1949-1970 (Table 1 ). Of the 171 species for which sounds were recorded, Fish and Mowbray recognised 153 as producing sounds of biological origin. We characterized each of the 218 species auditioned as having no sound (47), weak sound (83), moderately strong sound (37) and strong sound (47) production (Table 1 ), based on our interpretation of sound descriptions provided by Fish and Mowbray (1970), and earlier by Fish (1954). Sounds recorded for four additional species were of uncertain origin and were not classified (? In Table 1). The 47 strongly vocal species were distributed among 17 families (Table 2 ). Only 47 species from 24 families were observed to produce truly spontaneous sounds (Table 3 ). Most of these were strong sound producers (26, weak=9, and moderate=12). We define spontaneous as occurring without mechanical or electrical stimulation (Fish and Mowbray sometimes describe sounds as spontaneous when it occurs in response to handling or capture). Although Fish and Mowbray include 160 sonograms and 329 oscillograms, they can sometimes be difficult to interpret by readers untrained in acoustics. Unfortunately they fail to provide summaries of acoustic parameters such as frequency range, peak, amplitude, pulse rate, number of pulses per call, call duration, etc. Frequency and amplitude data from 25 species of 17 families are given in Table 4 , based mainly on an earlier report by Fish (1954). This type of data is badly needed before passive acoustics can become an important tool in studies of fish ecology and applications to fisheries management. Production of a CD-ROM containing all the fish reference files published in Fish and Mowbray 1970 will be completed by August 2001. A demonstration CD-ROM containing recordings from 82 fish species is provided for your review (see Table 5 , use headphones and select a track of interest from CD #1). A second demonstration CD-ROM containing sounds of 17 selected species is currently playing (Table 6 , CD #2).

We have also completed a preliminary inventory of the sound data archive held at URI. The archive contains 1,399 tapes from 209 tape series or studies collected between 1949 and 1993 (Table 7 ). Besides including the 167 fish species making up the Fish and Mowbray (1970) reference (i.e., those with some sounds), it also contains numerous marine mammal and other marine sounds (Table 8 ). Whales were recorded in at least 141 tape series, dolphins in 69, fish in 65, sea noise in 71, and ships/boats in 40, of the 209 tape series. Other marine sounds (seals, manatees, invertebrates, and various noises) were recorded in at least 70 tape series. A complete list of sounds included in the collection will not be available until a more thorough inventory can be made. Recordings were made in over 19 geographic locations around the world (Table 9 ). Most data were collected during oceanographic research cruises (ship/small boat) or from Laboratory, tank, enclosures, or public aquaria (Aquarium), however some data were collected from exotic platforms such as from submarines and pack-ice (Table 10 ). This archive represents a tremendously important historic archive of marine sounds. It contains some of the most important records of underwater sounds made to date. A few of the notable examples are describe in Table 11 .

 

Table 1. List of fish species "auditioned" for sound production by Fish and Mowbray 1970 (Codes are those referenced in the book, MS=mechanical, ES=electrical, and S=spontaneous stimulus used to induce sound). MS includes chasing, touching, handling, catching, holding, etc. "Sound" refers to our subjective interpretation of the strength of sound production based on descriptions in the text of Fish, 1954 and Fish and Mowbray 1970.

STIMULUS

FAMILY

CODE

SPECIES

SOUND

MS

ES

S

Orectolobidae

008.001

Ginglymostoma cirratum

NONE

Carcharhinidae

011.001

Mustelus canis

NONE

Sphyrnidae

012.001

Sphyrna zygaena

NONE

Squalidae

013.001

Squalus acanthias

NONE

Rajidae

018.001

Raja erinacea

NONE

018.002

Raja ocellata

NONE

018.003

Raja eglanteria

NONE

Dasyatidae

019.001

Dasyatis centroura

NONE

019.002

Gymnura micrura

NONE

Myliobatidae

020.001

Rhinoptera bonasus

STRONG

Y

020.002

Myliobatis freminvillei

NONE

Elopidae

027.001

Megalops atlantica

STRONG

Y

Albulidae

028.001

Albula vulpes

MODERATE

Y

Y

Clupeidae

029.001

Clupea harengus

WEAK

Y

Y

?

029.002

Opisthonema oglinum

WEAK

Y

Y

029.003

Brevoortia tyrannus

WEAK

Y

029.004

Alosa mediocris

NONE

029.005

Alosa pseudoharengus

NONE

029.006

Alosa aestivalis

NONE

029.007

Dorosoma cepedianum

WEAK

Y

Ariidae

047.001

Bagre marinus

STRONG

Y

Y

047.002

Galeichthys felis

STRONG

Y

Y

Anguillidae

049.001

Anguilla rostrata

WEAK

Y

Y

Y

Gadidae

063.001

Merluccius bilinearis

WEAK

Y

063.002

Pollachius virens

WEAK

Y

063.003

Gadus morhua

STRONG

Y

Y

063.004

Urophycis regius

WEAK

Y

063.005

Urophycis chuss

WEAK

Y

Syngnathidae

070.001

Hippocampus hudsonius

MODERATE

Y

Holocentridae

077.001

Myripristis jacobus

STRONG

Y

Y

077.002

Holocentrus ascensionis

STRONG

Y

Y

Centropomidae

082.001

Centropomus ensiferus

WEAK

Y

Serranidae

083.001

Roccus saxatilis

MODERATE

Y

Y

083.002

Petrometopon cruentatum

WEAK

Y

083.003

Cephalopholis fulva

WEAK

Y

Y

083.004

Epinephelus adscensionis

STRONG

Y

Y

Y

083.005

Epinephelus striatus

STRONG

Y

Y

Y

083.006

Epinephelus guttatus

STRONG

Y

Y

Y

083.007

Epinephelus drummondhayi

STRONG

Y

Y

083.008

Epinephelus morio

MODERATE

Y

083.009

Epinephelus nigritus

STRONG

Y

083.010

Epinephelus itajara

STRONG

Y

083.011

Alphestes afer

MODERATE

Y

Y

083.012

Mycteroperca venenosa

MODERATE

Y

083.013

Mycteroperca bonaci

MODERATE

Y

083.014

Mycteroperca microlepis

WEAK

Y

083.015

Mycteroperca interstitialis

WEAK

Y

083.016

Hypoplectrus unicolor

NONE

083.017

Centropristis striatus

WEAK

Y

Y

083.018

Diplectrum formosum

WEAK

Y

Y

083.019

Serranus tigrinus

WEAK

Y

083.020

Rypticus saponaceus

WEAK

Y

083.021

Rypticus bistrispinus

WEAK

Y

Lutjanidae

085.001

Hoplopagrus guntheri

NONE

085.002

Lutjanus griseus

WEAK

Y

Y

085.003

Lutjanus jocu

MODERATE

Y

Y

085.004

Lutjanus apodus

MODERATE

Y

Y

085.005

Lutjanus analis

WEAK

Y

Y

085.006

Lutjanus synagris

WEAK

Y

Y

085.007

Lutjanus mahogoni

NONE

085.008

Ocyurus chrysurus

WEAK

Y

Y

Y

085.009

Rhomboplites aurorubens

WEAK

Y

Pomatomidae

091.001

Pomatomus saltatrix

WEAK

Y

Y

Carangidae

093.001

Oligoplites saurus

WEAK

Y

Y

093.002

Naucrates ductor

NONE

093.003

Seriola zonata

MODERATE

Y

093.004

Seriola dumerili

MODERATE

Y

093.005

Elagatis bipinnulatus

?

Y

093.006

Selar crumenophthalmus

MODERATE

Y

093.007

Caranx ruber

STRONG

Y

Y

093.008

Caranx bartholomaei

WEAK

Y

093.009

Caranx hippos

STRONG

Y

Y

093.010

Caranx crysos

MODERATE

Y

Y

093.011

Caranx latus

STRONG

Y

Y

Y

093.012

Alectis crinitus

STRONG

Y

093.013

Vomer setapinnis

STRONG

Y

093.014

Selene vomer

STRONG

Y

093.015

Chloroscombrus chrysurus

MODERATE

Y

Y

093.016

Trachinotus glaucus

WEAK

Y

Y

093.017

Trachinotus falcatus

WEAK

Y

Gerridae

096.001

Eucinostomus gula

WEAK

Y

Y

096.002

Eucinostomus havana

WEAK

Y

096.003

Gerres cinereus

WEAK

Y

Y

096.004

Diapterus rhombeus

WEAK

Y

Y

Pomadasyidae

097.001

Haemulon album

STRONG

Y

Y

097.002

Haemulon macrostomum

STRONG

Y

Y

097.003

Haemulon parrae

MODERATE

Y

Y

097.004

Haemulon carbonarium

MODERATE

Y

097.005

Haemulon melanurum

STRONG

Y

Y

Y

097.006

Haemulon sciurus

STRONG

Y

Y

097.007

Haemulon plumieri

STRONG

Y

Y

097.008

Haemulon flavolineatum

STRONG

Y

097.009

Haemulon aurolineatum

STRONG

Y

Y

097.010

Haemulon striatum

STRONG

Y

097.011

Anisotremus surinamensis

WEAK

Y

097.012

Anisotremus virginicus

WEAK

Y

Y

097.013

Conodon nobilis

STRONG

Y

Y

097.014

Pomadasys corvinaeformis

STRONG

Y

097.015

Orthopristis chrysopterus

STRONG

Y

Y

Sciaenidae

098.001

Cynoscion regalis

STRONG

Y

Y

098.002

Cynoscion nebulosus

?

098.003

Cynoscion jamaicensis

STRONG

Y

098.004

Larimus breviceps

STRONG

Y

Y

098.005

Odontoscion dentex

WEAK

Y

098.006

Bairdiella chrysura

STRONG

Y

Y

098.007

Bairdiella ronchus

STRONG

Y

Y

098.008

Stellifer lanceolatus

WEAK

098.009

Ophioscion adustus

STRONG

Y

Y

098.010

Sciaenops ocellata

WEAK

Y

Y

098.011

Leiostomus xanthurus

MODERATE

Y

Y

Y

098.012

Micropogon undulatus

STRONG

Y

Y

098.013

Umbrina coroides

WEAK

Y

098.014

Menticirrhus saxatilis

WEAK

Y

098.015

Pogonias cromis

STRONG

Y

Y

098.016

Equetus acuminatus

WEAK

Y

Y

Mullidae

099.001

Pseudupeneus maculatus

WEAK

Y

Y

099.002

Mulloidichthys martinicus

MODERATE

Y

Y

Sparidae

100.001

Stenotomus chrysops

WEAK

Y

100.002

Calamus calamus

WEAK

Y

Y

100.003

Calamus bajonado

WEAK

Y

Y

100.004

Calamus penna

WEAK

Y

100.005

Lagodon rhomboides

STRONG

Y

Y

100.006

Archosargus rhomboidalis

WEAK

Y

Y

100.007

Archosargus probatocephalus

NONE

100.008

Diplodus argenteus

WEAK

Y

Y

Kyphosidae

103.001

Kyphosus sectatrix

MODERATE

Y

Y

Y

Ephippidae

105.001

Chaetodipterus faber

STRONG

Y

Y

Y

Chaetodontidae

106.001

Chaetodon ocellatus

WEAK

Y

106.002

Chaetodon striatus

WEAK

Y

106.003

Pomacanthus aureus

WEAK

Y

Y

Y

106.004

Pomacanthus arcuatus

WEAK

Y

106.005

Holacanthus tricolor

WEAK

Y

106.006

Holacanthus ciliaris

WEAK

Y

Y

?

106.007

Holacanthus isabelita

WEAK

Y

Y

Pomacentridae

109.001

Eupomacentrus dorsopunicans

WEAK

Y

109.002

Eupomacentrus leucostictus

WEAK

Y

Y

109.003

Abudefduf saxatilis

WEAK

Y

Y

109.004

Hypsypops rubicunda

MODERATE

Y

Labridae

110.001

Tautogolabrus adspersus

WEAK

Y

110.002

Tautoga onitis

MODERATE

Y

Y

110.003

Lachnolaimus maximus

WEAK

Y

Y

110.004

Halichoeres radiatus

WEAK

Y

110.005

Halichoeres bivitattus

WEAK

Y

Scaridae

111.001

Sparisoma radians

MODERATE

Y

111.002

Sparisoma aurofrenatum

WEAK

Y

111.003

Sparisoma chrysopterum

WEAK

Y

Y

111.004

Sparisoma viride

WEAK

Y

Y

111.005

Sparisoma rubripinne

WEAK

Y

Y

111.006

Scarus vetula

WEAK

Y

111.007

Scarus croicensis

WEAK

Y

Y

111.008

Scarus coeruleus

WEAK

Y

Y

111.009

Scarus coelestinus

WEAK

Y

Y

111.010

Scarus guacamaia

WEAK

Y

Y

Acanthuridae

112.001

Acanthurus coeruleus

WEAK

Y

Y

112.002

Acanthurus chirurgus

WEAK

Y

Y

112.003

Acanthurus bahianus

WEAK

Y

Y

Y

Scombridae

115.001

Scomber scombrus

?

115.002

Auxis thazard

NONE

115.003

Scomberomorus maculatus

NONE

115.004

Scomberomorus regalis

NONE

Scorpaenidae

122.001

Sebastes marinus

NONE

122.002

Scorpaena plumieri

WEAK

Y

Triglidae

123.001

Prionotus carolinus

STRONG

Y

Y

123.002

Prionotus evolans

STRONG

Y

Cottidae

127.001

Myoxocephalus aeneus

WEAK

Y

Y

127.002

Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus

STRONG

Y

Y

127.003

Hemitripterus americanus

NONE

Cyclopteridae

129.001

Cyclopterus lumpus

NONE

Dactylopteridae

130.001

Dactylopterus volitans

STRONG

Y

Ammodytidae

132.001

Ammodytes americanus

NONE

Uranoscopidae

136.001

Astroscopus guttatus

NONE

Zoarchidae

145.001

Macrozoarces americanus

NONE

Stromateidae

151.001

Peprilus paru

NONE

151.002

Peprilus triacanthus

NONE

151.003

Palinurichthys perciformis

NONE

Sphyraenidae

154.001

Sphyraena barracuda

WEAK

Y

154.002

Sphyraena guachancho

NONE

Mugilidae

155.001

Mugil brasiliensis

NONE

155.002

Mugil curema

NONE

Atherinidae

156.001

Menidia beryllina

NONE

156.002

Menidia menidia

NONE

Polynemidae

157.001

Polydactylus virginicus

WEAK

Y

Y

Bothidae

158.001

Paralichthys dentatus

NONE

158.002

Scophthalmus aquosus

?

?

Pleuronectidae

159.001

Hippoglossoides platessoides

NONE

159.002

Pseudopleuronectes americanus

NONE

Soleidae

160.001

Achirus fasciatus

NONE

Echeneidae

162.001

Echeneis naucrates

NONE

162.002

Remora remora

NONE

Balistidae

165.001

Balistes capriscus

MODERATE

Y

Y

Y

165.002

Balistes vetula

WEAK

Y

Y

165.003

Canthidermis sufflamen

WEAK

Y

Y

Y

165.004

Melichthys radula

WEAK

Y

165.005

Cantherines pullus

WEAK

Y

165.006

Monacanthus hispidus

MODERATE

Y

Y

165.007

Alutera schoepfi

MODERATE

Y

Y

Y

165.008

Alutera scripta

WEAK

Y

Ostraciidae

166.001

Lactophrys triqueter

MODERATE

Y

Y

166.002

Lactophrys bicaudalis

MODERATE

Y

Y

166.003

Lactophrys trigonus

MODERATE

Y

166.004

Lactophrys quadricornis

MODERATE

Y

Tetraodontidae

167.001

Lagocephalus laevigatus

MODERATE

Y

167.002

Sphaeroides testudineus

MODERATE

Y

167.003

Sphaeroides maculatus

MODERATE

Y

167.004

Sphaeroides spengleri

MODERATE

Y

167.005

Canthigaster rostrata

MODERATE

Y

Diodontidae

168.001

Diodon hystrix

MODERATE

Y

168.002

Chilomycterus schoepfi

MODERATE

Y

Y

068.003

Chilomycterus atinga

MODERATE

Y

Y

Molidae

169.001

Mola mola

STRONG

Y

Batrachoididae

170.001

Opsanus tau

STRONG

Y

170.002

Opsanus phobetron

STRONG

Y

Y

Y

Lophiidae

171.001

Lophius americanus

NONE

Antennariidae

172.001

Histrio histrio

NONE

172.002

Histrio gibba

NONE

172.003

Antennarius scaber

NONE

Ogcocephalidae

173.001

Ogcocephalus vespertilio

NONE

173.002

Ogcocephalus radiatus

NONE

 

 

Table 2. List of the 47 species of 17 families considered to have strong sound production based on data in Fish (1954) and Fish and Mowbray (1970). Stimulus (MS=mechanical, ES=electrical, S=spontaneous).

Stimulus

Family

Code

Species

MS

ES

S

Myliobatidae

020.001

Rhinoptera bonasus

Y

Elopidae

027.001

Megalops atlantica

Y

Ariidae

047.001

Bagre marinus

Y

Y

047.002

Galeichthys felis

Y

Y

Gadidae

063.003

Gadus morhua

Y

Y

Holocentridae

077.002

Holocentrus ascensionis

Y

Y

077.001

Myripristis jacobus

Y

Y

Serranidae

083.004

Epinephelus adscensionis

Y

Y

Y

083.007

Epinephelus drummondhayi

Y

Y

083.006

Epinephelus guttatus

Y

Y

Y

083.010

Epinephelus itajara

Y

083.009

Epinephelus nigritus

Y

083.005

Epinephelus striatus

Y

Y

Y

Carangidae

093.012

Alectis crinitus

Y

093.009

Caranx hippos

Y

Y

093.011

Caranx latus

Y

Y

Y

093.007

Caranx ruber

Y

Y

093.014

Selene vomer

Y

093.013

Vomer setapinnis

Y

Pomadasyidae

097.013

Conodon nobilis

Y

Y

097.001

Haemulon album

Y

Y

097.009

Haemulon aurolineatum

Y

Y

097.008

Haemulon flavolineatum

Y

097.002

Haemulon macrostomum

Y

Y

097.005

Haemulon melanurum

Y

Y

Y

097.007

Haemulon plumieri

Y

Y

097.006

Haemulon sciurus

Y

Y

097.010

Haemulon striatum

Y

097.015

Orthopristis chrysopterus

Y

Y

097.014

Pomadasys corvinaeformis

Y

Sciaenidae

098.006

Bairdiella chrysura

Y

Y

098.007

Bairdiella ronchus

Y

Y

098.003

Cynoscion jamaicensis

Y

098.001

Cynoscion regalis

Y

Y

098.004

Larimus breviceps

Y

Y

098.012

Micropogon undulatus

Y

Y

Sciaenidae

098.009

Ophioscion adustus

Y

Y

098.015

Pogonias cromis

Y

Y

Sparidae

100.005

Lagodon rhomboides

Y

Y

Ephippidae

105.001

Chaetodipterus faber

Y

Y

Y

Triglidae

123.001

Prionotus carolinus

Y

Y

123.002

Prionotus evolans

Y

Cottidae

127.002

Myoxocephalus octodecimspinosus

Y

Y

Dactylopteridae

130.001

Dactylopterus volitans

Y

Molidae

169.001

Mola mola

Y

Batrachoididae

170.002

Opsanus phobetron

Y

Y

Y

170.001

Opsanus tau

Y

 

 

Table 3. List of 47 species of 24 families that were reported to spontaneously vocalize (without any outside stimulus) by Fish (1954) and/or Fish and Mowbray (1970). Spontaneous sounds usually accompanied feeding or reproductive behaviors.

FAMILY

CODE

SPECIES

COMMON NAME

SOUND

Albulidae

028.001

Albula vulpes

Bonefish

MODERATE

Ariidae

047.001

Bagre marinus

Gafftopsail catfish

STRONG

047.002

Galeichthys felis

Sea catfish

STRONG

Anguillidae

049.001

Anguilla rostrata

American eel

WEAK

Gadidae

063.003

Gadus morhua

Atlantic cod

STRONG

Syngnathidae

070.001

Hippocampus hudsonius

Northern seahorse

MODERATE

Holocentridae

077.002

Holocentrus ascensionis

Squirrelfish

STRONG

077.001

Myripristis jacobus

Blackbar soldierfish

STRONG

Serranidae

083.004

Epinephelus adscensionis

Rock hind

STRONG

083.007

Epinephelus drummondhayi

Speckled hind

STRONG

083.006

Epinephelus guttatus

Red hind

STRONG

083.008

Epinephelus morio

Red grouper

MODERATE

083.005

Epinephelus striatus

Nassau grouper

STRONG

083.015

Mycteroperca interstitialis

Scamp

WEAK

Lutjanidae

085.008

Ocyurus chrysurus

Yellowtail snapper

WEAK

Carangidae

093.010

Caranx crysos

Blue runner

MODERATE

093.009

Caranx hippos

Crevalle jack

STRONG

093.011

Caranx latus

Horse-eye jack

STRONG

093.007

Caranx ruber

Bar jack

STRONG

093.004

Seriola dumerili

Greater amberjack

MODERATE

Pomadasyidae

097.001

Haemulon album

Margate

STRONG

097.005

Haemulon melanurum

Cottonwick

STRONG

097.015

Orthopristis chrysopterus

Pigfish

STRONG

Sciaenidae

098.006

Bairdiella chrysura

Silver perch

STRONG

098.001

Cynoscion regalis

Weakfish

STRONG

098.011

Leiostomus xanthurus

Spot

MODERATE

098.012

Micropogon undulatus